In Jewish tradition, days begin at sundown, a practice rooted in the creation story of Genesis: "And there was evening, and there was morning, the first day." Thus, Passover starts at sundown on the 15th of Nisan, the first month of the Hebrew calendar. This timing represents the transition from darkness to light, mirroring the journey from oppression to freedom.
The beginnings of Passover are recounted in the Book of Exodus. The Israelites, subjected to harsh slavery under Pharaoh, were led to freedom by Moses. The name "Passover" derives from the final of the ten plagues, where God "passed over" the homes of the Israelites, sparing their firstborns while striking those of the Egyptians. This act compelled Pharaoh to release the Israelites, marking the beginning of their journey to the Promised Land.
The Seder: A Ritual of Remembrance
Central to Passover observance is the Seder, a ceremonial meal held on the first two nights (only the first night in Israel). Families gather to retell the Exodus story, guided by the Haggadah, a text that outlines the order of the Seder and includes prayers, songs, and stories. The Seder plate holds symbolic foods:
Matzah: Unleavened bread symbolizing the haste of the Israelites' departure, leaving no time for their bread to rise.
Maror: Bitter herbs representing the bitterness of slavery.
Charoset: A sweet mixture of fruits and nuts, symbolizing the mortar used by the Israelite slaves.
Zeroa (Shankbone): Reminiscent of the Paschal lamb sacrifice.
Beitzah (Roasted Egg): Symbolizing the festival sacrifice and the cycle of life.
Karpas: A vegetable (often parsley) dipped in saltwater, representing the tears shed during enslavement.
During the Seder, participants drink four cups of wine, each representing a promise of redemption. The youngest child traditionally asks the "Four Questions," prompting a discussion about the uniqueness of the night and the significance of its rituals.
Dietary Observances
Throughout Passover, leavened products, or chametz, are avoided. This practice commemorates the unleavened bread eaten during the hasty exodus and serves as a physical reminder of humility and the rejection of arrogance. Preparing for Passover involves thorough cleaning to remove any traces of chametz from homes.
In modern times, Passover remains a time for family gatherings, reflection, and community. Many Jewish communities host inclusive Seders, inviting friends of various backgrounds to share in the experience. Organizations often provide resources and meals to those in need, ensuring that all can partake in the celebration.
Passover's commencement at sundown is a profound symbol of transition and renewal. As families gather around the Seder table, they not only recount an ancient journey from bondage to freedom but also reflect on enduring themes of resilience, faith, and the universal quest for liberation.