State Representative Bradley Fritts introduced legislation earlier this year that would require EV owners to display a special decal on their vehicle to help first responders identify the right course of action to take in an emergency situation.
“Our first responders are navigating new territory with electric vehicles,” Rep. Bradley Fritts said. “These vehicles require different approaches during emergencies, and we must ensure they’re prepared to properly respond to the unique challenges they present.”
The main challenge with EVs lies in their lithium-ion batteries. Unlike traditional vehicles, which run on gasoline, EVs are powered by high-capacity batteries that can be difficult to manage in the event of a fire or crash. One of the most concerning issues is thermal runaway, a process where damaged batteries generate immense heat, leading to fires that can reignite even after being extinguished. Traditional firefighting techniques, such as using foam or limited amounts of water, are not effective against these battery fires. Instead, large volumes of water are needed to cool the battery and prevent the fire from spreading. However, this method requires specialized training, and many departments are investing in equipment upgrades to handle the substantial water supply needed for such fires.
Fire departments across Illinois are collaborating with EV manufacturers to provide first responders with in-depth training on the unique mechanics of these vehicles. These partnerships focus on teaching first responders how to identify EV models at crash sites, disable high-voltage systems, and safely extract passengers. They must learn how to manage potential risks like electric shocks or toxic fumes emitted from damaged battery packs.
First responders also need to prepare for the new complexities of vehicle extraction. Traditional gasoline-powered vehicles have a known layout for fuel tanks, engine blocks, and electrical components, allowing rescue teams to make precise cuts during an extraction. With EVs, the presence of high-voltage cables running through the vehicle, combined with the unpredictability of battery placement, poses a serious risk if standard tools are used without proper knowledge. Responders must now use specialized tools to avoid cutting into these dangerous components.
In response to these challenges, Illinois has begun implementing new protocols that better align with the changing automotive landscape. Many departments are already incorporating new equipment, such as thermal imaging cameras, to detect battery heat before flames are visible. This technology enables firefighters to assess the risk of thermal runaway before it occurs, reducing the likelihood of a catastrophic fire after a crash. Fire departments are also expanding their knowledge base through advanced simulations and exercises designed to mimic EV accident scenarios.
In the coming years, as electric vehicles become more prevalent on roadways, Illinois first responders are tasked with continuing to adapt to these new hazards. Continued collaboration between lawmakers, emergency personnel, and automakers will be necessary to adapt to the rapidly changing landscape of effective first response to vehicular accidents.
Learn more about the complexities of EV vehicle related accidents and their unique considerations.